Here are two BIP drafts that specify a proposal for a Taproot
softfork. A number of ideas are included:
* Taproot to make all outputs and cooperative spends indistinguishable
from eachother.
* Merkle branches to hide the unexecuted branches in scripts.
* Schnorr signatures enable wallet software to...
Here's a synthesized summary of the cryptocurrency podcast episode, incorporating the provided partial transcripts.